Galactic black hole systems

There are thought to be some 300 million black holes lurking in our Galaxy, the Milky Way, left behind by the violent deaths of massive stars. A few of these are in binary systems, accompanied by a "normal" star close enough for the black hole's powerful gravity to pull material off its surface. The stolen material 'accretes' around the black hole, creating a dense swirl of hot gas called an accretion disc that glows brighly in X-rays. These X-rays, emitted from close to the black hole, carry information about the space around the black hole itself, where the exotic physics of Einstein's theory of relativity is thought to be dominant.
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Active Galactic Nuclei

At the heart of virtually every large galaxy lurks a black hole millions to billions of times more than massive than the Sun. Most are dormant, but a few per cent are "active" - meaning that they draw material from the host galaxy to form an accretion disc that feeds the black hole. As the material spirals through the disc it releases vast amounts of energy. These "active galaxies" are the most powerful, continuously emitting sources in the Universe. They can be seen over huge distance and are among the most distant objects that have ever been detected.
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Gamma-ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to arise either from the death of a single massive star or from the merger of two compact objects. In both cases a black hole is born which accretes matter for a brief time and launches two, narrow, highly relativistic jets. The bright prompt emission is usually over very quickly - the "burst" - but further emission occurs as the jets give up their energy via interaction with the surrounding material. This "afterglow" emission fades over hours to weeks and can be detected across the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Time series analysis

Time series analysis is simply the analysis of data that record variations in some property with time. Such data might come from economics, finance, biological systems, seismology, the geological record, or astronomy. Some of the most interesting and exotic phenomena in the Universe - such as black holes and neutron stars - are extremely variable in their brightness. Detailed analyses of the "time series" data recording these variations is providing vital clues about the nature and physics of these objects.
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Bayesian data analysis

The goal of most scientific data analysis is to provide estimates of imprtant quantities, test hypotheses and provide clues to better understanding. Bayesian data analysis provides a reasonably simple and coherent framework for developing and applying statistical data analysis, based on the direct application of probability theory to both data and model, and is providing working solutions to data analysis problems in a wide and expanding range of fields.
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X-ray astronomy

X-ray astronomy uses telescopes in space to detect X-rays from distant astronomical objects. The reason the telescopes are in space is that the atmosphere of the Earth absorbs X-rays. X-rays are produced by metter under extreme conditions, and so X-ray astronomy probes the hot and violent Universe of black holes, neutron stars, supernovae, stellar coronae, and gamma-ray bursts.
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